Tuesday, August 14, 2012

Comparison of Structural Features of Cervical,Thoracic,Lumbar,sacral Vertebrae


Cervical
Thorasic
Lumbar
Size
small

larger

largest
Foramina
one vertebral and two transverse

one vertebral

one vertebral
Spinous processes
slender and often bifid (C2-C6)

long and fairly thick (most project inferiorly)

short and blunt (project posteriorly rather than inferiorly)
Transverse processes
 small

fairly large

 large and blunt
Articular facets for ribs
 absent

present

absent
Direction of articular facets (superior)
posterosuperior

 posterolateral

 medial
Direction of articular facets (inferior)
anteroinferior

 anteromedial

lateral
Size of intervertebral discs
Thick relative to size of vertebral bodies

 Thin relative to vertebral bodies
Massive

*Sacral-consists of five rudimentary vertebrae
Triangular shapearticulate with lamber 5 vertebrae
Articulate with illium
Form Sacroiliac joint
Inferiorly articulate with coccyx
Anterior edge of the base the promontory protrudes into the pelvic cavity
Vertebral foramina are present on each side
series of foramina for the passage of nerves

Cervical(C4)

Thoracic(T6)

Lumbar(L3)


Sacrum and Coccyx


Monday, August 13, 2012

The Vertebrae

Structure of typical Vertebrae

Consists of Vertebral body and Vertebral arch,extending from vertebral arch there are number of processes.these process act as muscle attachments and articulation with  adjacent bone.

Vertebral body-weight bearing part
                        linked to adjacent vertebral bodies by inter-vertebral discs and ligaments
                        size increases inferiorly (because weight supported increases)
                     
Vertebral arch-forms vertebral foramen(forms lateral and posterior parts)



Skeletal system of the man

Skeletal system consists of 

  • bones
  • cartilage 
  • connective ligaments

Chemical composition of bones

    Water 50%
•     Inorganic component 21.85% for hardness and rigidity
      Calcium phosphate, calcium   carbonate,magnesium, fluorine, sulphur
•     organic component    28.5% for strength and flexibility
     collagen Type 1 glycosaminoglycans,   proteoglycans, glycoproteins

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